automatic, and can only be removed by the Apostolic See (can. 1355).

[nusaibatara]

8. Canon 1013 states, "No Bishop is permitted to consecrate anyone as Bishop, unless it is first established that a pontifical mandate has been issued." The meaning of this canon is self-evident, in that a bishop needs permission from the Holy See before consecrating another to the episcopate. The penalty for one who violates this canon is also clearly stated in the Code of Canon Law as follows: Canon 1383 "Both the Bishop who, without a pontifical mandate, consecrates a person a Bishop, and the one who receives the consecration from him, incur a latae sententiae [automatic] excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See." As one can see, the penalty of excommunication brother cell phone list for one who violates the aforementioned canon is

9. Of similar clarity in the Code of Canon Law is the law surrounding schism. Canon 751 defines schism as "the withdrawal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or from communion with the members of the Church subject to him." One must note that schism not only occurs when one refuses or withdraws communion with members of the Roman Catholic Church, but also when one refuses or withdraws submission to the Holy Father personally. The action through which one refuses or withdraws one's submission need neither be perpetual, nor pertaining to all judgments of the Roman Pontiff; insofar as one has not repented of one's act of disobedience, thus persisting in placing one's personal judgment above that of the Church, a single act of refusal to submit to judgment of the Holy Father within a single controversy constitutes schism. As St. Thomas Aquinas explains, "The essence of schism consists in rebelliously disobeying the commandments: and I say rebelliously, since a schismatic both obstinately scorns the commandments of the Church, and refuses to subject to her judgment" (Summa Theologica, IIa IIae Q.39 Art. 1. Dominican Fathers translation).